summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/uscript/parser.c
blob: 89a88836581c3578798862f0d2615df40b4e648a (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
#include "parser.h"

#include <stdarg.h>
#include <string.h>

#include "dyn_arr.h"
#include "lex.h"
#include "val.h"
#include "vm.h"

#define parser_add_byte(p, byte) (proto_add_byte((p)->fp->proto, byte))
#define parser_add_const(p, c)   (proto_add_const((p)->fp->proto, c))
#define parser_bytecode_len(p)   (da_len((p)->fp->proto->bytecode))

enum precedence {
        PREC_NONE,
        PREC_ASSIGN, // =
        PREC_EQL, // == !=
        PREC_COMP, // < <= > >=
        PREC_CONCAT,
        PREC_TERM, // + -
        PREC_FACTOR, // * / %
        PREC_UNARY,
        PREC_CALL, // ()
};

struct loop {
        struct loop *outer;
        int start;
        int scope;
        bool labeled;
        struct token label;
        int *breaks; // dyn_arr
};

struct variable {
        struct token name;
        int scope;
        bool captured;
};

struct upval {
        struct token name;
        bool is_local;
        u8 index;
};

struct func_parser {
        struct func_parser *outer;
        struct us_proto *proto;
        struct upval *upvals; // dyn_arr
        struct variable *locals; // dyn_arr
        struct loop *loop;
        int scope;
        bool is_script;
};

struct parser {
        struct lexer lex;

        struct token prev;
        struct token cur;

        struct func_parser *fp;

        bool can_assign;
        bool had_err;
};

typedef void (*fn_parse)(struct parser *p);

struct expr {
        fn_parse prefix;
        fn_parse infix;
        enum precedence prec;
};

static
void show_error(struct parser *p, struct token tok, const char *msg, ...)
{
        if (tok.kind == TOKEN_EOF)
                fprintf(stderr, "on line %d at EOF:\n\t", tok.line);
        else
                fprintf(stderr, "on line %d at '%.*s':\n\t", tok.line, tok.len, tok.start);
        
        va_list args;
        va_start(args, msg);
        vfprintf(stderr, msg, args);
        va_end(args);

        putc('\n', stderr);

        p->had_err = true;
}

static
void advance(struct parser *p)
{
        p->prev = p->cur;
        while (true) {
                p->cur = lex_next_token(&p->lex);
                // print_token(p->cur);
                if (p->cur.kind != TOKEN_ERR)
                        break;
                show_error(p, p->prev, p->cur.start);
        };
}

static
int begin_jump(struct parser *p, u8 instruction)
{
        parser_add_byte(p, instruction);
        parser_add_byte(p, 0xFF);
        parser_add_byte(p, 0xFF);
        return parser_bytecode_len(p) - 2;
}

static
void end_jump(struct parser *p, int loc)
{
        int jump = parser_bytecode_len(p) - loc - 2;
        if (jump > UINT16_MAX)
                show_error(p, p->prev, "jump too large");
        p->fp->proto->bytecode[loc] = (jump >> 8) & 0xFF;
        p->fp->proto->bytecode[loc+1] = jump & 0xFF;
}

static
void add_loop(struct parser *p, int loc)
{
        int jump = parser_bytecode_len(p) - loc + 2;
        if (jump > UINT16_MAX)
                show_error(p, p->prev, "jump too large");
        parser_add_byte(p, BC_LOOP);
        parser_add_byte(p, (jump >> 8) & 0xFF);
        parser_add_byte(p, jump & 0xFF);
}

static
bool consume(struct parser *p, u16 tok)
{
        if (p->cur.kind != tok)
                return false;
        advance(p);
        return true;
}

static
void expect(struct parser *p, u16 tok, const char *err)
{
        if (p->cur.kind != tok) {
                show_error(p, p->cur, err);
                return;
        }
        advance(p);
}

static 
void declare_variable(struct parser *p, struct token name)
{
        if (da_len(p->fp->locals) > UINT8_MAX)
                show_error(p, name, "too many locals");
        struct variable slot;
        slot.scope = p->fp->scope;
        slot.name = name;
        slot.captured = false;
        da_append(struct variable, &p->fp->locals, slot);
}

static
int find_local(struct func_parser *fp, struct token name)
{
        if (fp == NULL)
                return -1;

        for (int i = da_len(fp->locals) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                struct variable local = fp->locals[i];
                if (
                        name.len == local.name.len &&
                        memcmp(name.start, local.name.start, name.len) == 0
                )
                        return i;
        }
        return -1;
}

static
int find_global(struct token name)
{
        for (int i = da_len(vm.gstack) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                struct global global = vm.gstack[i];
                if (
                        (size_t)name.len == global.name->len &&
                        memcmp(name.start, global.name->chars, name.len) == 0
                )
                        return i;
        }

        return -1;
}

static
int find_upval(struct parser *p, struct func_parser *fp, struct token name)
{
        if (fp == NULL)
                return -1;

        for (int i = da_len(fp->upvals); i >= 0; i--) {
                struct upval upval = fp->upvals[i];
                if (
                        name.len == upval.name.len &&
                        memcmp(name.start, upval.name.start, name.len) == 0
                )
                        return i;
        }

        // Didn't find one already captured in an outer scope. Try to find a
        // local variable.
        int local = find_local(fp->outer, name);
        if (local != -1) {
                fp->outer->locals[local].captured = true;
                struct upval upval;
                upval.name = name;
                upval.is_local = true;
                upval.index = local;
                da_append(
                        struct upval,
                        &fp->upvals,
                        upval
                );
                fp->proto->upvalc++;
                return da_len(fp->upvals) - 1;
        }

        // Didn't find an already captured upval. Try to capture one from an
        // outer scope.
        int outer = find_upval(p, fp->outer, name);
        if (outer != -1) {
                struct upval upval;
                upval.name = name;
                upval.is_local = false;
                upval.index = outer;
                da_append(
                        struct upval,
                        &fp->upvals,
                        upval
                );
                fp->proto->upvalc++;
                return da_len(fp->upvals) - 1;
        }

        return -1;
}

static
int pop_scope(struct parser *p, int scope)
{
        int locals_len = da_len(p->fp->locals);
        for (int i = da_len(p->fp->locals) - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                struct variable local = p->fp->locals[i];
                if (local.scope < scope)
                        break;
                parser_add_byte(p, local.captured ? BC_POP_UPVAL : BC_POP);
                locals_len = i;
        }
        return locals_len;
}

static
void begin_scope(struct parser *p)
{
        p->fp->scope++;
}

static
void end_scope(struct parser *p)
{
        *da_len_ptr(p->fp->locals) = pop_scope(p, p->fp->scope);
        p->fp->scope--;
}

static
void begin_function(struct parser *p, struct us_proto *proto)
{
        struct func_parser *fp = mem_alloc(sizeof(struct func_parser));
        fp->outer = p->fp;
        fp->proto = proto;
        fp->loop = NULL;
        fp->locals = da_create(struct variable, 0);
        fp->upvals = da_create(struct upval, 0);
        fp->scope = 0;
        fp->is_script = false;
        p->fp = fp;
}

static
void end_function(struct parser *p)
{
        parser_add_byte(p, BC_ZILCH);
        parser_add_byte(p, BC_RET);

        struct func_parser *fp = p->fp;
        p->fp = fp->outer;

        if (p->fp) {
                p->fp->proto->constants[p->fp->proto->nconstants] =
                        wrap_proto(fp->proto);
                parser_add_byte(p, BC_LOAD_FUNC);
                parser_add_byte(p, p->fp->proto->nconstants++);

                for (int i = 0; i < fp->proto->upvalc; i++) {
                        parser_add_byte(p, fp->upvals[i].is_local ? 1 : 0);
                        parser_add_byte(p, (u8)fp->upvals[i].index);
                }
        }

#ifdef UE_DEBUG
        print_func(fp->proto);
#endif

        da_free(fp->locals);
        da_free(fp->upvals);
        mem_free(fp);
}

static void parse_expr(struct parser *p, enum precedence prec);
static struct expr get_expr(struct token tok);
static void expr(struct parser *p);

static
void parse_number(struct parser *p)
{
        struct token num_tok = p->prev;
        double n = strtod(num_tok.start, NULL);

        // Avoid filling up the constants list with numbers that could easily 
        // just be part of the bytecode.
        if (n <= UINT8_MAX && (u8)n == n) {
                parser_add_byte(p, BC_SMALL_INT);
                parser_add_byte(p, (u8)n);
                return;
        }

        parser_add_const(p, create_num(n));
}

static
void parse_string(struct parser *p)
{
        parser_add_const(p, p->prev.val);
}

static
void parse_literal(struct parser *p)
{
        switch (p->prev.kind) {
        case TOKEN_FALSE: parser_add_byte(p, BC_FALSE); break;
        case TOKEN_TRUE: parser_add_byte(p, BC_TRUE); break;
        case TOKEN_ZILCH: parser_add_byte(p, BC_ZILCH); break;
        }
}

static
void parse_arr(struct parser *p)
{
        int arr_len = 0;
        if (p->cur.kind != ']') {
                do {
                        if (p->cur.kind == ']')
                                break;
                        expr(p);
                        arr_len++;
                } while (consume(p, ','));
        }

        expect(p, ']', "unterminated array literal");

        if (arr_len > UINT8_MAX) {
                show_error(p, p->prev, "too many literals the array (max 255)");
        }

        parser_add_byte(p, BC_ARR);
        parser_add_byte(p, (u8)arr_len);
}

static
void parse_ident(struct parser *p)
{
        struct token ident = p->prev;

        u8 setter;
        u8 getter;

        int var = find_local(p->fp, ident);
        if (var != -1) {
                setter = BC_SET_LOCAL;
                getter = BC_GET_LOCAL;
        } else if ((var = find_upval(p, p->fp, ident)) != -1) {
                setter = BC_SET_UPVAL;
                getter = BC_GET_UPVAL;
        } else if ((var = find_global(ident)) != -1) {
                setter = BC_SET_GLOBAL;
                getter = BC_GET_GLOBAL;
        }

        if (var == -1) {
                show_error(p, ident, "undefined variable");
                return;
        }

        if (p->can_assign && consume(p, '=')) {
                expr(p);
                parser_add_byte(p, setter);
        } else {
                parser_add_byte(p, getter);
        }

        if (setter == BC_SET_GLOBAL) {
                parser_add_byte(p, (var >> 8) & 0xFF);
                parser_add_byte(p, var & 0xFF);
        } else {
                parser_add_byte(p, (u8)var);
        }
}

static
void parse_binary(struct parser *p)
{
        struct token op = p->prev;

        parse_expr(p, get_expr(op).prec + 1);

        switch (op.kind) {
        case '+':           parser_add_byte(p, BC_ADD); break;
        case '-':           parser_add_byte(p, BC_SUB); break;
        case '*':           parser_add_byte(p, BC_MULT); break;
        case '/':           parser_add_byte(p, BC_DIV); break;
        case '%':           parser_add_byte(p, BC_MOD); break;
        case '>':           parser_add_byte(p, BC_GT); break;
        case '<':           parser_add_byte(p, BC_LT); break;
        case TOKEN_DOT_DOT: parser_add_byte(p, BC_CONCAT); break;
        case TOKEN_EQL:     parser_add_byte(p, BC_EQL); break;
        case TOKEN_NEQL:    parser_add_byte(p, BC_NEQL); break;
        case TOKEN_GTEQL:   parser_add_byte(p, BC_GTE); break;
        case TOKEN_LTEQL:   parser_add_byte(p, BC_LTE); break;
        }
}

static
void parse_unary(struct parser *p)
{
        struct token op = p->prev;

        parse_expr(p, PREC_UNARY);

        switch (op.kind) {
        case '-': parser_add_byte(p, BC_NEG); break;
        case '!': parser_add_byte(p, BC_NOT); break;
        }
}

static
void parse_grouping(struct parser *p)
{
        expr(p);
        expect(p, ')', "expected ')'");
}

static
void parse_call(struct parser *p)
{
        int argc = 0;
        if (p->cur.kind != ')') {
                do {
                        argc++;
                        expr(p);
                } while (consume(p, ','));
        }
        expect(p, ')', "expected ')'");

        if (argc > UINT8_MAX)
                show_error(p, p->prev, "max argument count is 255");

        parser_add_byte(p, BC_CALL);
        parser_add_byte(p, argc);
}

static
void parse_index(struct parser *p)
{
        expr(p);
        expect(p, ']', "expected ']'");

        if (consume(p, '=')) {
                expr(p);
                parser_add_byte(p, BC_SET_INDEX);
        } else {
                parser_add_byte(p, BC_GET_INDEX);
        }
}

static
struct expr expressions[] = {
        ['(']             = {parse_grouping, parse_call, PREC_CALL},
        [')']             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        ['{']             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        ['}']             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        ['[']             = {parse_arr, parse_index, PREC_CALL},
        [']']             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [',']             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [';']             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [':']             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        ['.']             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        ['+']             = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_TERM},
        ['-']             = {parse_unary, parse_binary, PREC_TERM},
        ['*']             = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_FACTOR},
        ['/']             = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_FACTOR},
        ['%']             = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_FACTOR},
        ['<']             = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_COMP},
        ['>']             = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_COMP},
        ['=']             = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        ['!']             = {parse_unary, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_EOF]       = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_BREAK]     = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_DIV_EQL]   = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_DOT_DOT]   = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_CONCAT},
        [TOKEN_DO]        = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_ELSE]      = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_END]       = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_EQL]       = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_EQL},
        [TOKEN_ERR]       = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_FALSE]     = {parse_literal, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_FUN]       = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_GLOBAL]    = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_GTEQL]     = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_COMP},
        [TOKEN_IDENT]     = {parse_ident, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_IF]        = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_IN]        = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_LET]       = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_LOOP]      = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_LTEQL]     = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_COMP},
        [TOKEN_MINUS_EQL] = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_MOD]       = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_MOD_EQL]   = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_MULT_EQL]  = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_NEQL]      = {NULL, parse_binary, PREC_EQL},
        [TOKEN_NEXT]      = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_NUM]       = {parse_number, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_PLUS_EQL]  = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_RET]       = {NULL, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_STR]       = {parse_string, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_TRUE]      = {parse_literal, NULL, PREC_NONE},
        [TOKEN_ZILCH]     = {parse_literal, NULL, PREC_NONE},
};

static void stat(struct parser *p);

static
struct expr get_expr(struct token tok)
{
        return expressions[tok.kind];
}

static
void parse_expr(struct parser *p, enum precedence prec)
{
        advance(p);

        fn_parse prefix = get_expr(p->prev).prefix;
        if (!prefix) {
                show_error(p, p->prev, "expected expression");
                return;
        }

        p->can_assign = prec <= PREC_ASSIGN;
        prefix(p);

        while (prec <= get_expr(p->cur).prec) {
                advance(p);
                get_expr(p->prev).infix(p);
        }

        if (p->can_assign && consume(p, '=')) {
                show_error(p, p->prev, "bad assignment");
        }
        p->can_assign = false;
}

static
void expr(struct parser *p)
{
        parse_expr(p, PREC_ASSIGN);
}

static
void expr_stat(struct parser *p)
{
        expr(p);
        parser_add_byte(p, BC_POP);
}

static
void var_def_stat(struct parser *p, bool is_global)
{
        do {
                expect(p, TOKEN_IDENT, "expected variable name");
                struct token name = p->prev;

                if (consume(p, '='))
                        expr(p);
                else
                        parser_add_byte(p, BC_ZILCH);

                if (is_global) {
                        struct us_str *ident = copy_str(name.start, name.len);
                        int idx = declare_global(ident);
                        parser_add_byte(p, BC_SET_GLOBAL);
                        parser_add_byte(p, (idx >> 8) & 0xFF);
                        parser_add_byte(p, idx & 0xFF);
                        parser_add_byte(p, BC_POP); // set global does not pop
                } else {
                        declare_variable(p, name);
                }
        } while (consume(p, ','));
}

static
void fun_stat(struct parser *p)
{
        expect(p, TOKEN_IDENT, "expected function name");
        struct token name_token = p->prev;

        struct us_str *name = copy_str(name_token.start, name_token.len);
        struct us_proto *proto = create_proto(name);

        // parser_add_const(p, wrap_func(func));
        declare_variable(p, name_token);

        begin_function(p, proto);

        expect(p, '(', "expected '(' after function name");
        if (p->cur.kind != ')') {
                do {
                        expect(p, TOKEN_IDENT, "expected arguement name");
                        declare_variable(p, p->prev);
                        proto->argc++;
                } while (consume(p, ','));
        }
        expect(p, ')', "expected ')' after arguments");

        while (p->cur.kind != TOKEN_END && p->cur.kind != TOKEN_EOF)
                stat(p);

        end_function(p);

        expect(p, TOKEN_END, "unterminated function");
}

static
void if_stat(struct parser *p, bool is_elseif)
{
        struct token begin = p->prev;

        expr(p);

        int jump = begin_jump(p, BC_FALSEY_JMP);

        if (!is_elseif)
                expect(p, ':', "expected ':' to begin 'if' block");
        else
                expect(p, ':', "expected ':' to begin 'elseif' block");

        begin_scope(p);

        while (
                p->cur.kind != TOKEN_END &&
                p->cur.kind != TOKEN_ELSE &&
                p->cur.kind != TOKEN_ELSEIF &&
                p->cur.kind != TOKEN_EOF
        )
                stat(p);

        end_scope(p);

        int else_jump = begin_jump(p, BC_JMP);
        end_jump(p, jump);

        // The only reason "elseif" was chosen over "else if" is because it
        // reduces indentation in this one single spot.
        if (consume(p, TOKEN_ELSEIF)) {
                if_stat(p, true);
        } else if (consume(p, TOKEN_ELSE)) {
                expect(p, ':', "expected ':' to begin 'else' block");
                begin_scope(p);
                while (p->cur.kind != TOKEN_END && p->cur.kind != TOKEN_EOF)
                        stat(p);
                end_scope(p);
        }

        end_jump(p, else_jump);

        if (!is_elseif && !consume(p, TOKEN_END))
                show_error(p, begin, "unterminated 'if' block");
}

static
void loop_stat(struct parser *p)
{
        // For now, we will just support loop <cond>. loop <var> in <expr>
        // needs a lot to happen before it can be implemented.

        struct token begin = p->prev;

        struct loop loop;
        loop.outer = p->fp->loop;
        loop.start = da_len(p->fp->proto->bytecode) - 1;
        loop.labeled = false;
        loop.scope = p->fp->scope + 1;
        loop.breaks = da_create(int, 0);
        p->fp->loop = &loop;

        int exit_jump = -1;

        if (!consume(p, ':')) {
                expr(p);
                exit_jump = begin_jump(p, BC_FALSEY_JMP);

                expect(p, ':', "expected ':' to begin 'loop' block");
        }

        if (consume(p, '<')) {
                expect(p, TOKEN_IDENT, "expected loop label");
                loop.label = p->prev;
                loop.labeled = true;
                expect(p, '>', "expected '>' after loop label");
        }

        begin_scope(p);
        while (p->cur.kind != TOKEN_END && p->cur.kind != TOKEN_EOF)
                stat(p);
        end_scope(p);
        add_loop(p, loop.start);

        if (exit_jump != -1)
                end_jump(p, exit_jump);

        for (int i = 0; i < da_len(loop.breaks); i++)
                end_jump(p, loop.breaks[i]);

        if (!consume(p, TOKEN_END))
                show_error(p, begin, "unterminated 'loop' block");

        p->fp->loop = loop.outer;
        da_free(loop.breaks);
}

static
struct loop *find_loop(struct parser *p, struct token label)
{
        struct loop *loop = p->fp->loop;
        while (loop != NULL) {
                if (
                        loop->label.len == label.len &&
                        memcmp(label.start, loop->label.start, label.len) == 0
                ) {
                        break;
                }
                loop = loop->outer;

        }

        if (!loop) {
                show_error(
                        p,
                        label,
                        "unknown loop label '<%.*s>'",
                        label.len, label.start
                );
                return p->fp->loop;
        }

        return loop;
}

static
struct loop *loop_label(struct parser *p)
{
        if (consume(p, '<')) {
                expect(p, TOKEN_IDENT, "expected loop label");
                struct token label = p->prev;
                expect(p, '>', "expected '>' after loop label");

                return find_loop(p, label);
        }
        return p->fp->loop;
}

static
void break_stat(struct parser *p)
{
        if (!p->fp->loop) {
                show_error(p, p->prev, "'break' is only allowed in loops");
                return;
        }

        struct loop *loop = loop_label(p);
        pop_scope(p, loop->scope);
        da_append(int, &loop->breaks, begin_jump(p, BC_JMP));
}

static
void next_stat(struct parser *p)
{
        if (!p->fp->loop) {
                show_error(p, p->prev, "'next' is only allowed in loops");
                return;
        }

        struct loop *loop = loop_label(p);
        pop_scope(p, loop->scope);
        add_loop(p, loop->start);
}

static 
void do_stat(struct parser *p)
{
        struct token begin = p->prev;

        begin_scope(p);

        expect(p, ':', "expected ':' to begin 'do' block");

        while (p->cur.kind != TOKEN_END && p->cur.kind != TOKEN_EOF)
                stat(p);

        if (!consume(p, TOKEN_END))
                show_error(p, begin, "unterminated 'do' block");

        end_scope(p);
}

static
void ret_stat(struct parser *p)
{
        if (p->fp->is_script)
                show_error(p, p->prev, "ret is only allowed within functions");

        if (p->cur.kind != TOKEN_END && p->cur.kind != ';') {
                expr(p);
        } else {
                parser_add_byte(p, BC_ZILCH);
        }
        parser_add_byte(p, BC_RET);
}

static
void stat(struct parser *p)
{
        if (consume(p, TOKEN_LET)) {
                var_def_stat(p, false);
                consume(p, ';');
        } else if (consume(p, TOKEN_GLOBAL)) {
                if (!p->fp->is_script) {
                        show_error(
                                p,
                                p->cur,
                                "can only define globals in the outermost scope"
                        );
                }
                var_def_stat(p, true);
                consume(p, ';');
        } else if (consume(p, TOKEN_FUN)) {
                fun_stat(p);
        } else if (consume(p, TOKEN_IF)) {
                if_stat(p, false);
        } else if (consume(p, TOKEN_LOOP)) {
                loop_stat(p);
        } else if (consume(p, TOKEN_BREAK)) {
                break_stat(p);
                consume(p, ';');
        } else if (consume(p, TOKEN_NEXT)) {
                next_stat(p);
                consume(p, ';');
        } else if (consume(p, TOKEN_DO)) {
                do_stat(p);
        } else if (consume(p, TOKEN_RET)) {
                ret_stat(p);
                consume(p, ';');
        } else if (consume(p, TOKEN_PRINT)) {
                // temp. only til functions get functioning
                expect(p, '(', "expected '('");
                expr(p);
                expect(p, ')', "expected ')'");
                parser_add_byte(p, BC_PRINT);
                consume(p, ';');
        } else {
                expr_stat(p);
        }
}

struct us_proto *compile(const char *name, const char *src)
{
        struct us_proto *proto = create_proto(copy_str(name, -1));

        struct parser p;
        p.had_err = false;
        p.can_assign = false;
        p.fp = NULL;

        begin_function(&p, proto);
        p.fp->is_script = true;

        lex_init(&p.lex, src);

        advance(&p);
        while (!consume(&p, TOKEN_EOF)) {
                stat(&p);
        }
        expect(&p, TOKEN_EOF, "expected EOF");

        end_function(&p);

        return p.had_err ? NULL : proto;
}